Sunday, 28 August 2022

Digital Marketing

 There is no way to avoid the fact that almost all companies, sooner or later, must include in their digital marketing activities. And with the demand for digital vendors exceeding supply, there are many opportunities for those looking to enter the field. So, what is all this fuss about? Read on to learn more about this fascinating and versatile field. What is the digital marketing? Somehow, digital marketing is not that different from traditional marketing: you have a product that you need to sell, and you're looking for ways to interact with customers to build brand awareness and, ultimately, "close" a sale. Digital marketing implies, even more, roles and skills than marketing, and it is this flexible nature of the business that makes it so interesting. These are some general areas that a digital marketing professional will likely touch during their training or career:

Digital Marketing Basics
SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
SMM (Social Media Marketing)
SEM (Search Engine Marketing)
Email Marketing
AdSense
Video Marketing using YouTube
Google Analytics
Mobile Marketing
Affiliate Marketing
Content Marketing
ORM
It is a good idea to think about getting training in at least one or two specialty areas, unless you are in administration, in which case you probably need to know a little about all of them. What skills are in demand? The digital economy is debated in every corner of our lives, and it certainly does not go anywhere. There is a strong consideration in digital marketing compared to traditional marketing. Ninety-three of the online activity starts with a search engine and ensures the continued effectiveness of SEO as a superior marketing strategy, while around the eightieth of the citizens Americans, create a purchase on the Internet at least once a month. Anyone thinking of starting or leading a business needs to have a basic knowledge of digital marketing in order to convert clients. There is a lot of space for people looking to enter the world of digital marketing and related careers. According to Smart Insights, some of the most requested skills for 2017 were digital advertising, content creation, content strategy and social networks, which is great news for those who are oriented towards the creative, social and commercial end of the Spectrum. For those who have a more technical mind, there is still a lot of demand and a high-income potential for those who specialize in technology such as SEO and SEM, since this is what can be the basis of what generates profits in any business. Content marketing is based on traffic and anyone with technical knowledge to investigate these patterns is a valuable quality, especially because this type of work is much more advanced with the advent of artificial intelligence. Why choose a career in digital marketing? Digital marketing is a career that has a lot of space for technicians, creatives and business people. There are so many avenues that you can follow; It is best to focus on one or two things that you do better, so you can always learn more from there. If you have a business or communications background, you may want to consider entering the administration. This is a field that changes constantly and is attractive; there is always something new to learn. And if you work in an agency, you will always work with different clients, which means that you will probably never get bored. Beyond this, here are some more reasons to consider this career. There is a gap in digital skills: There is a growing demand for people with digital skills, particularly for those in the middle-income group, specifically soft skills, and according to this study, it is more pronounced in the United States. Therefore, continuing training in this area, even if you are not a technology expert, is a good idea to hold on to the foreseeable future. Versatility: if you choose a professional path or a specialization in this field and decide to pivot later, it is likely that you just need a little training to make the change. In this sense, you can take advantage of existing skills while learning new ones but still stay in the same field. Here there are many options and opportunities for continuous learning, where different skills are combined in different ways. The exchange usually evolves: because the trade grows and changes, there is always something new that attracts attention and can continue and learn, whether or not leading these initiatives or not. Since there will be a variety of specialists working in a particular agency, it is likely that you will work with professionals with a variety of backgrounds, and that everyone will have to come together to develop marketing strategies. Income: when a job has a demand, that means there are more opportunities to negotiate compensation, whether you work in the company or as an independent professional. As long as you "show" your work through the job search process, you can bid more and more the more experience you get. According to the Creative Group, content writers at the beginning of their career will probably start with a salary of at least $ 45,000 and a new SEO specialist will probably get approximately $ 50,000 to start. Be creative: not only are there many opportunities for creatives to do their thing in writing, design and even audio and video production, there is also a lot of space for everyday creativity in a general sense. You will always have to think of new ways to market products, solve problems and attract the public. Train at your own pace: you can start working on building this specific career now, from the comfort of your home and doing it your way. Take online courses, build a blog or website, work on your own social networks, obtain volunteer or independent work, and be on track to create a solid portfolio from the comfort of your own home. For most specialties, there is no need to spend thousands of hours and dollars in the classroom; you can really develop your skills and get training in a way that suits your lifestyle. Work with different people every day: you will always find something new to do in this field and you will have someone new to talk to. Whether it is a new client, a colleague with a notable specialty, or finding fun ways to involve and expand your audience, anyone interested in working with people can reach the social and commercial field of this career. And if it undergoes an additional self-examination, it will stay behind the scenes writing or running on the network. What types of people stand out in this field? All kinds of people can follow a career that touches marketing; It depends on your interests In general, it is not necessary to have a very technical training, although if you know something about web design or coding, it is likely to be ahead of the competition. Because this is such a dynamic field that requires continuous learning, it is necessary to be an entrepreneur, that is, be willing to continually learn new skills and techniques. For this purpose, you must be a creative problem solver. If you are curious, innovative, proactive, a natural, adaptable and creative leader with a good commercial sense; you probably do well in most areas in this field. How do you train as a digital marketing professional? If you already have experience in marketing management, advertising copywriting, Internet development or maybe style, you already have several transferable skills to participate in digital sales. You almost certainly have to start your own personal everything and make a portfolio to make your own distinctive digital presence. It is difficult to be aware of all the latest trends, but getting a solid knowledge of the basic principles of emerging trends such as AI and virtual reality in the context of how they are used for marketing is an excellent place to focus as well..You should definitely make sure your social media streams are consistent with your skills and abilities; In other words, talk about what interests you and learn publicly and as often as you can. Start a blog on Medium and join some Facebook groups in your field of interest. You will also want to look for a complete and reputable training program to obtain official certification in one or more central areas. Once you are officially certified, you will have an advantage among your peers when it comes to looking for satisfying opportunities. If you already have experience in marketing management, advertising copywriting, Internet development or maybe style, you already have several transferable skills to participate in digital sales. You almost certainly have to start your own personal everything and make a portfolio to make your own distinctive digital presence.

http://www.srdmtrainings.com/why-did-you-choose-digital-marketing-as-a-career-option/




Link Building

 In this article, we discuss search engine optimization link building strategies that you can implement.

Perhaps you've read an article or two by search engine optimization ("SEO") experts stressing the importance of link building to the visibility of your web site on the major search engines. If, for example, you happen to navigate the Google online documentation to the "Webmaster Help Center" you will see the Google response to the question "How can I improve my site's ranking?" The Google response includes the statement "In general, webmasters can improve the rank of their sites by increasing the number of high-quality sites that link to their pages.2"

"Link building" then, is the process of developing "inbound" links to your web pages in order to drive traffic to your site and improve your search engine ranking. Sounds simple, but there are so many different complex online link building programs and strategies it's mind boggling! And, some techniques, even legitimate techniques implemented incorrectly, may actually render inbound links completely useless.

I started this article intending to cover the 5 W's - who, what, when, where and why. But, at the risk of detracting from the clever title, I felt the need to add "How?" in order to make it more useful. So this article is designed to provide insight into the following questions:

1. Who should link to my web pages?

2. What should the link entail?

3. When should I add a link to my site?

4. Where should a link appear?

5. Why should you care?

6. How can businesses develop their own inbound links?

No doubt, reasonable minds can disagree with some of the opinions and strategies contained in this article. I direct your attention to footnote references to several online articles that I found helpful. I encourage you to review these articles so you can draw your own conclusions. I do hope you conclude that there are a number of legitimate link building strategies that you can tackle!

Why Should You Care?

Sorry, I have skipped over who, what, when and where to begin instead with "Why?" After all, if I cannot make the case that link building is important, you certainly will not read the rest of this article!

It is believed that, in the eyes of the major search engines, the number and quality of the incoming links that point to your site are indicative of the worthiness of your site. I know, it sounds like a popularity contest - perhaps this stirs up memories of the disdain you had for your high school prom king/queen election process. Popularity and Page Rank aside, you are interested in driving qualified traffic to your web site and developing relationships with businesses that offer complementary products and services. Link building techniques are designed to accomplish this.

Who Should Link to My Web Pages?

It is believed that links from "authoritative" websites and "related" industry sites carry the most weight. An "authoritative" site might be an educational organization (.edu), a publication, a government agency (.gov), a known subject matter expert or an organization/association in yours or a related industry.

As for "related" sites, partners, vendors, but not competitors are good "reciprocal linking" (discussed later) opportunities. Their sites should be related to the products and/or services you provide.

Make sure to set your standards high! Analyze the inbound links to the page where you would like to see your link. Are they in fact authoritative and relevant sites? How do you research inbound links to your potential linking partner?

There are some excellent SEO link building tools out there! Netconcepts provides a free "Link Popularity Checker" at http://www.netconcepts.com/linkcheck/. Another site is LinkPopularity.com. Use these tools to assess the quality of the links to the page before you ask for a link! While you're there, check out the link popularity of your web pages and those of your competitors.

Note that many SEO experts believe that you should stay away from a web page that already has too many links. How many is too many? According to an article in Website Magazine, "... it is best to shy away from any pages with more than 20 outbound links.3"

You'll recall that we mentioned the term "PageRank" earlier in this article. The Google PageRank scoring system is used to quantify the relative importance of a web page. You can determine PageRank by downloading and using the free Google ToolBar (http://toolbar.google.com).

Should you consider PageRank while determining whether to ask for a link on a page? One contributor to the online article "Over 125 (Legitimate) Link Building Strategies", Dixon Jones, suggests that the PageRank of the web page where you would like your link to reside should be between 3 and 10.4 In his article "The Nitty Gritty of Link Requests", Chris Boggs suggests that PageRank is not as useful as it used to be but "PageRank is still a good guide.5"

Many Internet marketing professionals continue to suggest that you submit your site to the appropriate category within the major directories as well as to vertical engines and industry directories. Examples of popular general directories include Yahoo!, Open Directory (dmoz.org), GoGuides, Gigablast, JoeAnt, Gimpsy and BlueFind. Many allow you to submit your website URL for free. Some may require you to add a reciprocal link to their directory.

In his article, "SEO: Weaving a Web of Links", Stephan Spencer cautions against seeking links from "free for all" links pages that are packed full of links.6. Again, pay attention to PageRank and topic relevance. Watch out for automated submission programs that submit to irrelevant search engines and directories.

What Should the Link Entail? What Should You Put on Your Link Page? Once you have targeted an inbound link opportunity, you will want to suggest the link location and the exact link language you wish to appear on their site. Make it easy to implement your link - place HTML on your site that your partner's webmaster can cut and paste onto their web page.

Embed your keyphrases into the link text. Although the subject of web page optimization is beyond the scope of this article, make sure the page the link points to (the "Target Page") is "optimized" for those keyphrases. The target page need not be your website home page. Not sure how to determine the best keywords for your business? I discuss this very issue in my article "Web Page Keywords - Do's and Don'ts" which you can review at http://www.ebizmachine.com/seotips.html.

The question "What should you put on your link page" presumes that the linking relationship is "reciprocal". Not all links will be reciprocal - we'll talk more about link building strategies that involve the creation of useful online content encouraging "natural" link growth without reciprocal arrangements. However, your arrangements with partners, alliances and some directories may well be "reciprocal". In other words, "I'll point to you if you point to me."

Before you approach a partner for a reciprocal link, you may wish to create your link to their site in advance demonstrating the techniques described in this article. "One good turn deserves another" - include one or two carefully drafted paragraphs of descriptive information for each link.

When Should I Add a Link to my Site? But for my need to have a catchy title, this section is better named "How often should I add inbound links?" Experts these days are writing about "natural growth of inbound links" and "organic link gaining" and "Emulating Natural Growth in Link Building", as search engine optimization authority Chris Boggs recently wrote in Website Magazine.7 Sounds downright "earthy", doesn't it?

It's clear that link building is a slow and steady grass roots process and some experts maintain that link growth should follow a natural, free range, pesticide-free progression (OK, I added the italics for fun). Boggs writes that efforts to rapidly gain links "are sometimes easy for search engines to discern..., especially if the links are in a known network of sites that exchange links.8 " Suddenly adding 100 new links to a site that for 6 six years has had 5 inbound links may cause a search engine to penalize you for your participation in a "link-farm." But, adding a few relevant links every so often does appear to be consistent with natural growth.

Where Should the Link Appear? Ideally, your link should be placed within the content of a page rich with topical information relevant to the focus of the target web page. This may be asking a bit much - your link partner may already have a "links" or "resources" page designed solely for this purpose. However, make sure your prefab HTML link includes descriptive information that goes above and beyond a simple link and make sure you offer to reciprocate with a high-quality descriptive link.

Check to make sure the agreed-upon location is a page that has been indexed by the major search engines. In particular, it should not be a page that only authenticated users (login & password) can view.

How Can Businesses Develop Their Own Inbound Links? The last section of my 5 W's and an H article may be the most important. There are many bytes of available online information related to link building strategies. In many respects, your success stems from the quality of the relevant content on your website. Your industry peers and topical experts will be eager to reference your website if it is a valuable source of relevant information and you have achieved an appropriate level of expertise. Your peers will assess your site in the same or similar manner as is described in this article. They will assess the quantity and quality of inbound links to your web pages.

Here are some suggestions that both enhance the usefulness of your web site content and help you build inbound links to your site.

1. Publish a "How To" or a "Review" Article Someone in your organization must like to write! Add your article to your website and publish it! There are many websites dedicated to publishing articles for free. Many allow you to include a brief bio AND a link to your website. The Article Banks website (articlebanks.com) contains useful information and resources related to publishing your article online.

Not sure what to write about? Start with your most popular keyword search phrases and develop a topic that your customers frequently raise. You sell GPS devices - compare and contrast the two most popular manufacturers who also happen to be popular web searches. You are a CPA- how about a "top ten" list of personal tax misconceptions? Do your best to make your content unique, original, useful and entertaining.

Convert your article to PDF format that online visitors can download and print. Consult with your web developer about adding "email to a friend" functionality.

2. Post in a Relevant Online Forum or Newsgroup Join an online community relevant to your website and become a regular, contributing member. Make sure to include your website URL in the signature area of each of your postings.

3. Post in a Relevant Blog? You've heard the buzz on blogging. Your website URL can be included in blog contributions but be careful here. Search engines are more and more sensitive to "Blog Spamming.9 Chris Genge, a contributing SEO author in the article "Over 125 (Legitimate) Link Building Strategies", writes "Even though blogging is all the rage these days, I think it will go the way of link farms in the not-too-distant future, especially if/when the SE's determine that it is just another case of spamming. We are staying away from it...."10

4. Publish in an "e-zine" Some of the most popular sites relevant to your business may not have a link program. Offer instead to contribute a unique topic to their monthly e-zine (email newsletter). Include your bio and a web page link.

5. Write a testimonial or review for a trusted product/service Many businesses are eager to publish testimonials on their site. Ask to include a link back to your relevant web page.

Finally, make sure to track your link building progress. Create a spreadsheet for this purpose. You will no doubt have to follow up on your link requests. Capture details including the information you entered and the date you submitted your request. Politely remind link partners of their commitment to link to your site and point them to the inbound link from your site to theirs. Run your favorite link popularity and page rank tools to monitor your progress.

Conclusion If you are at all interested in driving qualified traffic to your web site and in developing relationships with suppliers of complementary products and services, you should spend some time learning about web page link building strategies. In this article, we discuss the who, what, when, where and how's of SEO web page link building. Link building is much easier if your website is a valuable source of topical information and you have attained a high level of expertise.

In the "How Can Businesses Develop Their Own Inbound Links?" section of this article, I provide several suggestions designed to help you achieve that end. However, they say "The devil is in the details." When it comes time to manage the process of soliciting and adding inbound links to your web pages, there are many details that will influence the success or failure of your program. You must carefully choose your link partners and directories and be prepared to suggest the link page location as well as the makeup of the link itself.

Finally, you must be both diligent AND patient. It's fine to methodically forge relationships and build a community with complimentary web sites. But there is growing evidence that link building in an "unnatural" manner will hinder your search engine visibility and negate your efforts. So, be careful out there.

Footnotes:

1 Pease keep in mind that this content is provided for educational purposes in order to introduce you to important search engine optimization concepts. There are many factors that influence search engine results and page rank - we cannot promise that the techniques described in this article work in all cases. Thank you! -Bill Schwartz, EBIZ Machine

2 See google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?answer=34432

3 Boggs, Chris, The Nitty Gritty of Link Requests, Website Magazine, December 14 2005, websitemagazine.com/content/blogs/posts/articles/link_requests_boggs.aspx

4 Robin Nobles, Eric Ward and John Alexander , Over 125 (Legitimate) Link Building Strategies, searchengineworkshops.com/articles/leglinkpop.html

5 Boggs - see above

6 Spencer, Stephan, SEO: Weaving a Web of Links, practical ecommerce, March 12, 2007, practicalecommerce.com/articles/156/SEO-Weaving-a-Web-of-Links/

7 Boggs, Chris, The New Holy Grail of SEO?, Website Magazine, February, 2007, p. 12.

8 Boggs p. 13.

9 Boggs, Chris, The Nitty Gritty of Link Requests, Website Magazine, December 14 2005, websitemagazine.com/content/blogs/posts/articles/link_requests_boggs.aspx

10 Robin Nobles, Eric Ward and John Alexander , Over 125 (Legitimate) Link Building Strategies, searchengineworkshops.com/articles/leglinkpop.html

Bill Schwartz, BSEE / JD / MBA, owns and operates EBIZ Machine of Denver, Colorado (on the web at http://www.ebizmachine.com). He supports his clients' E-Commmerce initiatives through web site design, web-based application development, eCommerce platform integration, search engine optimization (SEO) and pay-per-click internet marketing program development. He may be reached at 303-759-9000 or bill@ebizmachine.com.

Does your web site search engine optimization need work? For a free assessment of your site's optimization, contact EBIZ Machine



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/498872

Web Analystics

 you are a web analyst, or are seeking a job as one, you need to read "Web Analytics Action Hero: Using analysis to Gain Insight and Optimize Your Business" by Brent Dykes. In an interesting and engaging format, experienced web analytics consultant, Dykes, addresses topics that analysts and online marketers need to know to move beyond reporting and toward analysis to drive action and change within their businesses.

Did you ever think you would be reading about Indiana Jones when reading about web analytics? In this book you do. That's what made this book more interesting and engaging than many dry business type books. The action hero slant was fun and worked at teaching the lessons the author wanted to make.

Action hero and superhero jargon aside, this book really does address some serious issues regarding analysis, and using the action hero model just makes it easier to remember and identify with. I mean, what computer nerd doesn't dream of being an action hero? So now, you can be an action hero behind the computer screen doing analysis.

The format and layout of the book also makes it easier to read and learn the information presented. There are interesting quotes throughout the text, graphs, charts, and side boxes illustrate key points and continue to make it an interesting read. (As interesting and analysis can get anyway.) Some of the side boxes are Insider Insights that provide tips from top people in the field. Others contain Villain Profiles that illustrate things to watch out for and how to defeat these "villains."

The book will help someone become an analyst, and it will help analysts become better. It describes the best environment for analysts and provides a strategy for executing online analysis with a variety of techniques. I especially liked the call for "Action." Data is fine, but the real reason to analyze data is to provide recommendations to act, and to do so in a way that your recommendations are acted upon.

So, while most of the book focuses on transforming data into business insights, the final chapter looks at what a company can do to be more agile and ready for action. I thought that was a very good way to finish the book. Granted, this book has a limited audience. But for those interested in the analyst field, either to enter it, or become better at it, this book is a great resource. Highly recommended for anyone who wants to become a Web Analytics Action Hero.

Alain Burrese, J.D. is a writer, speaker, and mediator. He has authored several books (including Lost Conscience and the Tough Guy Wisdom series) and a number of instructional DVDs (including Hapkido Cane and the Lock On Joint Locking Essentials series). He has also reviewed hundreds of books, DVDs, and products. His Warrior's Edge programs focus on safety, marial arts, self-defense, and living with The Warrior's Edge. His Black Belt Communicator programs focus on effective communication for conflict resolution, negotiation, leadership, and mediation. You can find out about Alain, read articles and reviews, see video clips of his DVDs, and more at http://www.burrese.com/blog



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7056814

Tuesday, 23 August 2022

HIGH QUALITY BACK LINKS

 Offsite SEO (search engine optimization) is all about back links! While onsite SEO will only take your site so far, offsite SEO can put your site on page one of the serps (search engine results page.) A very good place to be if traffic (and the money making opportunities that come with traffic) is your goal!

Backlinks come in many forms, and importance in the eyes of the search engines. So how does one go about getting these one way links and which are the best to go after? Here's a list of methods I use to get generate links back to my blog, pretty much starting with the best and working my way down:
 
Completely "natural" back links-These would be links from other webmasters who feel your content is so good, or so complete, or so...you get the picture. Try to write content that begs to get linked to! These types of links are the very best (to my way of thinking) and I think Google would agree with me! Also with this type of link it takes no effort on your part (after you write the piece of course), you just check your back links and 'voila' there they are!
 
One-way links from high quality, high page rank, sites in your niche-Not easy to come by (especially for new sites) but very powerful none the less! You can trade for them, buy them, or whatever, but if you can get them they can give your blog much needed link-juice, and can move you up the serps very quickly!
 
Article Marketing-This is becoming my favorite way to obtain back links for several reasons-you have complete control of the article title, content, keywords used, anchor text used, etc. The trick is to get to know your subject matter so well (become "the expert") that you don't need to research for your articles, you can just write them! You would be amazed at how quickly  you can turn them out. I've written five good 500-800 word articles in just a few hours! Articles, like a lot of things online is a "numbers game" the more the better, so your article marketing needs to be ongoing. 
 
Write "guest posts" for other blogs in your niche-Try to choose high-quality, high PR sites and offer to write a high quality, unique guest post. You may be surprised to find a lot of "takers" out there. Of course you need a link or two in the guest post back to your site;o).
 
Build Blogger blogs, HubPages, Squidoo Lenses - These can supply link-juice to your main site, and may turn a profit themselves. If making money online is your goal (it's mine) once you find a niche that is making you some money you just need to build more Internet real estate (web sites, blogs, articles, etc) in that niche! Become your own competition, and of course interlink to your other sources of related info.
 
Get listed in Blog Directories - Free for the most part, just takes some of your time to sign-up, but can give you a lot of back links.
 
Post in forums, and comment on blogs-Get involved in related forums and leave quality, helpful posts. Comment of related blogs in your niche especially if the links will be do-follow. Also look for blogs that have Keywordluv/Commentluv plugins.
 
Get social-Get involved in the social sites, in other words start twittering, digging, stumbling, tumblring, you get the idea!
 
It's been said that you should spend about 20% of your time writing content, performing onsite SEO, etc. and about 80% building high quality back links (offsite SEO.) Again if your online goals include making money, you'll need to build enough of these links to hopefully get to the first spot in the serps to get as much of that coveted search engine traffic as you can, because regardless of how you monetize your site, search engine traffic is by far the best and easiest to monetize! Good luck and remember offsite SEO is all about back links!

For more information on Offsite SEO [http://www.cashblog-n.com/backlinks-improve-serps/offsite-seo-tips-to-increase-traffic-and-make-more-money/] as well as other helpful tips and tricks to help you become successful online visit my main site to learn how to Work From Home [http://www.cashblog-n.com/]



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/2506087

PPC

 Having only been in existence for a few years, PPC advertising has taken the online world by storm and has become a fundamental part of online marketing for businesses all over the world. Basically, the concept of 'paid search marketing' is a process by which companies can drive traffic to their website, by paying for adverts on internet search engines. This technique is also known as CPC (cost-per-click) advertising or PPC (pay-per-click) advertising, as the majority of search engine advertisements are sold on a CPC / PPC (Source: socialmediatoday.com).

However, although PPC may have stamped its authority on online marketing, there is now visible evidence to suggest, that as a lone marketing tool, its purpose has become ineffective. For instance, recent research carried out by 'YouGov', highlighted that only around 18% of SMEs that utilise Google AdWords will actually see a return on money invested into PPC advertising campaigns.

Time to ditch PPC advertising?

Despite evidence showing that PPC is a failing marketing technique when used on its own, businesses still continue to use it even though they do not stand to gain any new business by doing so. On the face of things, PPC looks like a very attractive and simple way to generate new leads. Let's face it, it's fairly easy to implement and you can even utilise the services of PPC agencies that will do the hard work for you.

PPC is often put in the same category as the 'get rich quick schemes', which have been a prominent feature of the internet during its surging growth over the last 10 years or so. In no way is it being said that PPC has become completely ineffective and lacking in value, however, the best way to explain it is that it's being misused across a number of businesses.

The fundamental problem with PPC usage at present is that it only provides a short term solution. In a short space of time, a highly targeted PPC campaign can provide hugely effective results. However, as a long-term strategy it can become extremely costly as many web users have swiftly adapted in order to sift out internet advertising. These factors all amount to the conclusion that PPC now delivers fewer returns when compared with SEO or content marketing. To summarise, PPC as a lone entity proves to be less cost effective when compared to other advertising solutions.

The fundamental flaws of PPC advertising

Some PPC analysts (Source: YouGov) suggest that there are two key factors as to why PPC is failing businesses these are:

It's a short term solution - The purpose of PPC is simply to catch the eye of potential consumers. Beyond that there is no strategy for building a lasting rapport. It's all about attraction and fails to incorporate any form of nurture, so when implemented as a lone marketing strategy it will only ever provide small-scale returns.

It doesn't generate brand awareness - PPC revolves entirely around the advert, creating an advert that will hook consumers who are just 'window shopping'. Without a brand element to support the advert, a PPC campaign only serves to stimulate window shoppers whose primary concern is that of cost and not quality.

Reviving a dying technique

In order for businesses to appreciate the value of PPC, they need to think beyond the PPC campaign. Rather than looking for quick fix solutions to marketing problems, businesses need to address the long term issues. PPC is a good place to start, but an entire strategy needs to be built around it in order to have any serious impact when it comes to the competitive online marketing world.

Companies need to think long-term in order to generate quality leads, however, this requires effort and it is that effort that will ultimately make or break your business. Effort shows that you take your company seriously and implies to consumers that they can trust and rely on your brand. Building that relationship beyond the PPC campaign is what's important.

Develop a clear strategy. Within your strategy implement a plan to increase your Click Through Rate and Cost Per Conversion for rewards from Google. Create a clear strategy and you'll begin to see the results you want with PPC.

Whilst PPC isn't dying just yet, it is being used incorrectly by a vast number of businesses and it's these businesses that quickly need to adapt in order to understand how to utilise PPC techniques correctly in order to see more positive results.

Waseem Saddique is the founder and CEO of Waseem Saddique Marketing Services, based in Birmingham, UK. Waseem Saddique specialises in providing clients with advertising and marketing guidance to help see their businesses grow. To learn more visit http://waseemsaddique.blogspot.co.uk/



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6963707

SMO

 Whilst this emerging and developing medium for connecting people and 'doing business', is heralded by some as 'the answer' to successful marketing, it is worth considering some important facts that balance the argument.

It may be pervasive, but is it persuasive?

There is a lot of drivel that finds its way into our in boxes and online social groups and 'expert's appear to be growing exponentially.

Platforms and networks are proliferating like rabbits in a field.

LinkedIn; Facebook; Twitter; Saga Zone; Google+; YouTube; Hootsuite; TweetDeck. To name a few...

We must NOT throw away good marketing basics in order to 'get in' on the latest I-Fad. Putting an ill-thought-out corporate profile into the public domain, without giving it the same rigorous thought that you would to a corporate brochure, for example, could be counter-productive.

There is no substitute for preparation and SMM is no replacement for personal contact and communication.

People need to feel valued and important. No-one likes to be sold to, but most people do like to buy.

Thoughts to Ponder

1: SMM Magnifies and Amplifies what is there already.

This means that if the business or product has flaws, it will not 'paper over' these cracks, but will simply expose them to a wider audience. Best to get our ethos and offering right before we launch it into 'ether' space.

2: People still like the human touch.

These media do give the opportunity to showcase personality and product, but when it comes down to it, (and there will always be exceptions), most people like people contact. This is why frustration grows when we are forced to navigate from one telephone menu of options to another.

Social media is NOT an e-commerce web site where people expect to buy on line, it is an interface designed to give a personal face to an otherwise amorphous business.

Consider what you write, be informative, be generous, be approachable and avoid the hard sell.

3: Know what your Corporate Message is

Branding is very important and takes mastery to achieve. We all stand in awe at the genius behind simple strap lines that have the ability to recall entire branding messages.

We must know what our core message is. SMM can only amplify what already exists.

4: Use Complimenting Strategies

A clearly defined business strategy and goal can be supported by a clear social media presence.

It can endorse your work and establish you as an expert in your field and should be a fundamental 'part' of you marketing plan.

There are right and wrong ways of doing this and we will be shedding some light on this in future bulletins.

David Vallance is Managing Director at Kit Happens Ltd, a Design & Digital Marketing agency, based in Milton Keynes & London, providing, graphic design & branding, web design [http://www.kithappens.co.uk/services/website-design/professional-websites] and digital marketing services.

Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/David_Vallance/79237



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7067916


SMM

 Whilst this emerging and developing medium for connecting people and 'doing business', is heralded by some as 'the answer' to successful marketing, it is worth considering some important facts that balance the argument.

It may be pervasive, but is it persuasive?

There is a lot of drivel that finds its way into our in boxes and online social groups and 'expert's appear to be growing exponentially.

Platforms and networks are proliferating like rabbits in a field.

LinkedIn; Facebook; Twitter; Saga Zone; Google+; YouTube; Hootsuite; TweetDeck. To name a few...

We must NOT throw away good marketing basics in order to 'get in' on the latest I-Fad. Putting an ill-thought-out corporate profile into the public domain, without giving it the same rigorous thought that you would to a corporate brochure, for example, could be counter-productive.

There is no substitute for preparation and SMM is no replacement for personal contact and communication.

People need to feel valued and important. No-one likes to be sold to, but most people do like to buy.

Thoughts to Ponder

1: SMM Magnifies and Amplifies what is there already.

This means that if the business or product has flaws, it will not 'paper over' these cracks, but will simply expose them to a wider audience. Best to get our ethos and offering right before we launch it into 'ether' space.

2: People still like the human touch.

These media do give the opportunity to showcase personality and product, but when it comes down to it, (and there will always be exceptions), most people like people contact. This is why frustration grows when we are forced to navigate from one telephone menu of options to another.

Social media is NOT an e-commerce web site where people expect to buy on line, it is an interface designed to give a personal face to an otherwise amorphous business.

Consider what you write, be informative, be generous, be approachable and avoid the hard sell.

3: Know what your Corporate Message is

Branding is very important and takes mastery to achieve. We all stand in awe at the genius behind simple strap lines that have the ability to recall entire branding messages.

We must know what our core message is. SMM can only amplify what already exists.

4: Use Complimenting Strategies

A clearly defined business strategy and goal can be supported by a clear social media presence.

It can endorse your work and establish you as an expert in your field and should be a fundamental 'part' of you marketing plan.

There are right and wrong ways of doing this and we will be shedding some light on this in future bulletins.

David Vallance is Managing Director at Kit Happens Ltd, a Design & Digital Marketing agency, based in Milton Keynes & London, providing, graphic design & branding, web design [http://www.kithappens.co.uk/services/website-design/professional-websites] and digital marketing services.

Article Source: https://EzineArticles.com/expert/David_Vallance/79237



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7067916

SEO

 Many ebooks and other resources that business owners use will place an important emphasis on the need to be at the top of search results, whether that be on Google Search, other engines, or even in places like social media. But surveys have shown that people quite often will look at other results and they will scroll down through the page. Being on top of a second page, for example, can be quite beneficial for traffic. Also, search ranking is only one part of the puzzle. Now Google places other results on the page like social recommendations and local results as well, which means there are many more avenues open to you, and being first place is no longer as crucial as it once was.

Myth #2: You can do SEO with no outside help

Doing SEO simply means that you follow a set of techniques and procedures to increase the chance that web users will go to your site. It is true that anybody can learn these techniques, and if you are a web site owner and you want to do your own SEO then you can spend the time to learn and apply those techniques. But SEO can be complex and touches many areas such as online marketing, coding, technical aspects along with PR skills. Most business owners simply do not have everything required to do a great job at SEO, and that is why so many agencies exist that offer help. A simple IT worker or online marker is often not enough if you want truly good results.

Myth #3: META tags are very important

It used to be that every page on your site needed META tags in order to rank well. Those are small pieces of code that would give Google a list of keywords and a description. The search engine would base itself on those to find out what your web site was about. Now however, those do not affect your ranking at all. Both Google and Bing stopped caring about META tags in order to index sites. However, they are not useless. For example, your description tag will be the text that often appears next to the link that shows up on the search result, so it's still a useful piece of the action.

Myth #4: Keyword-rich domain names are ranked higher

Back in the dotcom days, it used to be that the URL you used was very important. Google placed a lot of importance on the domain name, and if you could get a name that had your keyword in it, you would gain a big advantage over other sites. This is why a lot of companies in the late 90s bought domain names for a lot of money. But now, the indexing process only looks at the actual content of your pages, and not the domain name. That name is still important, because people still get to see it, but it will not make you rank higher.

Myth #5: You have to submit your site to Google or other search engines

All search engines used to have URL submission forms where you could send your site to Google and others. In fact, they still do, but that process is unnecessary. The crawlers that these engines use now are sophisticated enough that any new site will be found in a matter of days, if not hours. The only time you would have to worry about submitting your site is if for some reason it was not indexed automatically after a couple of days.

Myth #6: Submitting a sitemap will boost your rankings

Google offers a webmasters interface and from there, you can submit a sitemap, which is an XML file containing links to every page on your site. Some site owners take the time to submit such a file every time they make a change, but that is not necessary. Submitting a sitemap does not change your rankings, all it does is add pages which may not have been indexed already. If your site is typical and has links to all of the pages, then it will not be needed.

Myth #7: SEO has nothing to do with social media

Before the advent of Facebook and Twitter, SEO was the one and only technique to get traffic from an organic way. But now, social media is everywhere, and the line is quickly blurring between the two. While some marketers still consider SEO and social media to be different beasts, the truth is that they are very closely linked. For example, Google now places their own social network, Google Plus, into its search results. If you can get enough influential people to talk about your product and link to your site, then their recommendations will show up in any Google search result that their friends does. This clearly affects SEO. On the reverse side, Facebook has started going after search as well, by recently introducing their Open Graph engine, which searches based on friends and interests. So the two domains are closely linked, and they are becoming closer all the time.

Myth #8: Google does not read CSS files

The Google bot used to be fairly primitive and only saw text, which is why many people concentrated on the text part of their web site. But now that engine is very sophisticated and it reads JavaScript, CSS, and more. The crawler can definitely see whether your site's presentation is appealing for users or not. For example, if someone searches on a mobile device and you have no mobile layout on your site, you may be missing out.

Myth #9: You need to update your home page all the time

Some people think that by updating their home page content all the time they will rank higher, or by not updating it their ranking will drop. In most cases that is not the case, because if you have a sales page that offers a product, then there would be no reason to update that page unless something about the product changes, and Google expects that.

Myth #10: The H1 header has greater value than the rest of your text

The structure of your page is seen by Google and other engines, but you have to realize that many sites are structured very differently. As such, no one specific tag has more value than another. An H1 tag is simply a header that corresponds to a CSS entry in order for the user to see your page a certain way. It does not make Google rank your page any differently if you use H2 tags instead, or if your keywords are mostly in the text and not in a specific CSS tag.

Myth #11: Linking to other highly ranked sites helps your ranking

Some sites try to link to many other high authority sites in order to help their rankings, but that does not help at all. Google uses PageRank to decide how your site will rank, and that algorithm is based on how useful your site is to others, and as such it will only look at how many other people link to you. Whether you link back to them is of no importance. Otherwise, any site could raise to the top simply by linking to millions of sites, which is not the case.

Myth #12: Using automated SEO methods is always spam

Many people use automated SEO methods that do not fall into the spam area. Many companies have very big sites and they use automated scripts to do a lot of the grunt work of SEO. Whether or not a method is spammy is based on what the result is, not on how automated it is.

Myth #13: PageRank is the only factor that matters

The algorithm that Google uses to rank sites is PageRank, which determines how useful a site is to others. But the result also takes indications from hundreds of other inputs as well, according to what Google says. Some of these inputs are easy to see, like having your site being recommended by others on Google Plus. This proves that not only PageRank matters. The company is staying tight-lipped on how many inputs there are, and how important each gets weighed, but it is clear that there is more going on than just PageRank. With that said however, it is still widely believed that PageRank is the most important factor, and a PR1 page is always better than a PR3 one.

Myth #15: The title tag is hidden from search engines

Most of what Google sees on your site is the text that is visible to users, such as what appears on the screen and is rendered in a web browser. As such, it would be easy to think that the title is not picked up. However, your title is very important for SEO, because that is the text that appears on the link people will click on. Not only is Google using it to help your ranking, but people will see it as well when they go to click on your site.

Myth #16: Usability does not affect SEO

The whole point of SEO is to gain traffic and get people to stay on your site so they can be entertained or buy your products and services. As such, SEO very much goes hand in hand with usability, because this is what will make a difference in whether or not someone stays on your site for long. If your site is hard to use or navigate, it is very easy for people to go to the next search result. Also, the search engines themselves will look at layout and usability. If your site is hard to navigate for your viewers, it will be hard for the crawler as well, and having a bad usability can definitely affect your rankings.

Myth #17: The.edu and.gov backlinks are the best

It is true that most.edu and.gov sites are well ranked and have a high authority, because those are typically official sites that are well maintained and contain no spam. However, this is just a byproduct of how they are maintain, it is no guarantee. The simple fact that they have a domain which ends with.gov or.edu does not help your ranking at all. If you have a backlink on one of these sites, it will only be as good as how much authority that site has. You gain nothing by the fact that it is an educational or government site. Posting a backlink on an obscure.edu site will not help you any more than posting it on an obscure blog.

Myth #18: SEO is based on the quantity of links a site has

Believing that the success of a SEO campaign is to have the most possible backlinks is misunderstanding how ranking works. Any ranking algorithm, whether it is Google, Bing, Facebook, etc will rank sites based on many different factor. To do successful SEO, you have to address all of these factors, and having a lot of links is just one small piece of the puzzle. Also, each link has its own quality value. Often, a single link from a popular news site talking about your product will be much more valuable than spamming hundreds of links to unknown blog sites.

Myth #19: Backlinks are more important than content

SEO usually costs time and money, and as such it is unrealistic to think you can do everything possible in every facet of online marketing. So often you have to make choices, and some may be tempted to focus on link building instead of content. However, the goal of SEO is to bring good traffic to your site. Quality is very important, not only quantity. Not having good content means your site has no value to anyone, and as such it will quickly lose any benefit that the extra links gave you. In fact, the most useful backlinks are usually not those you have direct access to. They are reviews from celebrities in your niche, news sites, and anyone who already is an authority talking about your product. By having good content, those links can actually come by themselves, simply through PR or word of mouth. But a bunch of backlinks on low authority blogs will not help you much at all, and the ranking you may get from them will not last long as those sites clean up those links. Instead, focus on your audience and try to know who you are writing for. By producing good content you are helping your site more over the long run.

Myth #20: Paid links will get you banned from Google

There are many ways to get links, and some of them includes some type of payment. But not all paid links are always bad, it depends on how that payment occurs. For example, many sites, including Google, offer advertising services. You can buy an ad on Adword, you could go to another ad network, and many sites offer their own ad services. While some of them will not give you any ranking, others might, and those are completely legitimate. Paying a site that focuses on your niche to have a link in a strategic location will likely not get you banned, however you have to remember that there are methods that will. Buying low quality links in bulk is one of the best way to get your site removed from the index.

Myth #21: Good content is all you need

Just like building an army of links will not help you keep traffic for very long, having good content and nothing else is also not enough. Most people agree that good content is the cornerstone of having a successful site. By having engaging, useful posts for your visitors, you can ensure that they will want to visit your site and stay there for a long time. However, simply building it does not make it known. Even a very good site has to do some SEO in order to bring traffic. Branding is incredibly important for any site, and getting your brand out there through SEO is the only way you will get those eyes onto that content. Your articles and posts have to be paired with good incoming signals, and that includes doing a lot of the typical SEO methods which can get you ranked in search engines so that people can find your content.

Myth #22: Google actively penalizes certain sites

Anyone who has done some work in SEO has been puzzled at some point when seeing strange drops in ranking. It may seem as if you did nothing wrong, you increased all of your marketing efforts, yet somehow Google decided to rank you lower. It may be easy to think that your site was penalized in some way, but most often that is not the case. Google clearly states that they only penalize sites that break their terms of use by actively going after unethical methods like spamming users. In most cases, the problem is elsewhere. One potential cause may be things that other sites have done, and not you. For example, maybe your competitor received a large influx of links because they appeared on a popular TV show. Another reason is if Google changed some part of their internal algorithm, which happens fairly often and can be disastrous for some sites. Many people remember the Panda update which changed the ranking of millions of sites. Unfortunately in these cases it can be very hard to find the root cause and fix it, and you may have to simply work harder at SEO in order to gain your ranking back. Resist the temptation to go to spammy methods or to blame Google for it.

Myth #23: Google AdWords will give you preferential treatment

AdWords is a very useful program by Google where you can place an ad on other sites to advertise your own. It should be part of any online marketing campaign. However, AdWords by itself does not help boost your rankings. Some think that because a company pays Google, then they will give them preferential treatment in organic search, but that is not the case. On any typical search page, you can easily see that organic results are separated from paid advertisements. A PPC ad campaign will give you a ranking in the sense that it will allow you to be seen on the ads side of the page, but it does not affect your ranking on the organic side in any way.

Myth #24: SEO is something done once only

A lot of sites do this mistake. When the site is new and it has just been created, the owners will invest in doing some SEO, and then think that everything is done. But just like marketing in the real world, SEO is not something you can do once and then forget. Instead, it is a continual process which has to be done over a long period of time, often the entire life of the site. This is because the web is not a written encyclopedia, it is a medium that changes constantly. New competitors appear, search engines change their algorithms, new opportunity for marketing appear, and links that used to be good can become stale and not that important anymore. By constantly keeping an eye on your SEO efforts you ensure that your ranking does not drop, and you can keep focusing on new techniques that may prove to work better.

Myth #25: SEO companies can get guaranteed results

This is a very common yet completely bogus claim which some marketing firms like to use. They claim that by using their methods, your results will be guaranteed. But the truth is that no one can claim a certain method is foolproof for the same reason that SEO is not something you do once then forget. Everything changes online and you never know when something that used to work well will stop working. Some tactics are clearly better than others, but none is guaranteed. Also, if there was a magical way to get a high ranking, you can be sure that it would leak out at some point, and then everyone would be using that same tactic, making it worthless.

Myth #26: Placing too many links per page can penalize you

Some people have been told that a certain amount of links on a page can be bad for your rankings. For example, placing more than a hundred links on your landing page will be bad for Google and you will get penalized in some way. While it is true that spamming links on a page is something you should not do, and the Google bot has ways to detect when a page is a link bait one, you should not be afraid to create pages with lots of links. As long as they are relevant and part of the normal navigation of your site, then there will be no penalty. The worse that could happen in these cases is that Google may decide to ignore links part a hundred, but that's all.

Myth #27: Internal links don't matter for SEO

Many people think of linking only as far as backlinks go, and only focus on having other sites link to their own pages. But internal linking is also important, just like your site layout is important, because the search crawlers try to act as much like a normal web viewer as they can. If your site has bad internal navigation, Google will be able to detect that, and this could penalize you. Take the time needed to create good internal links and an easy to use navigation system for your site. This is something that is easy to do and you should not skip this step.

Myth #28: Facebook likes or tweets are the number one factor in SEO

Social media has taken a central role in how people find information on the web today, and the signals sent by these sites are fed into search engines in real time. No modern business should ignore social media, simply because of the amount of time people spend on Facebook or Twitter. However, no one social site is the holy grail of SEO. Even if getting Facebook likes can be important, is is not any more so than the many other techniques that can be used. Also, there are arguments that point to the fact that while many people spend a lot of time on social networking sites, they do so to talk to friends, not to buy products, so the benefit of a like is still not as understood as the benefit of ranking well on Google. You should not ignore the traditional SEO and focus solely on social media.

Myth #29: Keywords are no longer relevant

Sites used to be created with a paragraph at the bottom filled with keywords in order to attract more traffic using something called keyword stuffing. In recent years, knowledgable marketers have realized that this is no longer needed, in fact it is a practice that is heavily discouraged by search engines. However, this does not mean that keywords are not still very important. While you should not do keyword stuffing on a page, getting a good percentage of your keywords in your actual text is still crucial. When someone looks for a specific term on Google, the amount of time this keyword comes up on your page is still heavily weighed in.

Myth #30: Using bigger headers will improve your ranking

Header tags such as H1 or H2 do matter because search engines look at the layout of your site, so you need to have headers that make sense and that contain your keywords so that the search engine knows what the content is about. However, the size or style of these headers, such as which CSS arguments you use, do not matter since Google and other search engines are interested in the content and usability, not the artistic style.

Myth #31: Keywords have to be exact matches

It's true that words have to match what people type into a search engine, however there are arguments for using words other than your selected keywords. For example, most words have a lot of synonyms, and people type in those synonyms all the time. By using a larger selection of keywords, you can be sure to catch those searches as well. Also, while keywords will bring your site up in the results, whether or not someone will click on your link depends on what the title of that link says. By having a clever title, something that people would want to click on, you gain more than by simply repeating a list of keywords.

Myth #32: PageRank does not matter anymore

When Google first started to be the top search engine and everyone focused on ranking well, PageRank became the number one criteria every marketer would go after. It used to be, and may still be, the input metric that affects a ranking the most, but the company has been clear many times that sites are ranked on hundreds of different metrics, not just PageRank. As a result, some have stopped caring so much about the PR ranking. However, that is not to say PageRank has no relevance at all anymore. While it is true you should focus on other things, you need to keep an eye on your PageRank as well.

Myth #33: Google Analytics can spy on people

Google Analytics is the most popular analytics software used by sites around the web, and as a result some people think that they are being spied on. But the company has said many times that no personal data is being transmitted using Google Analytics. Indeed, if you actually use this service on your own site, you can see that the data you have access to are all anonymized, and you only see numbers, not individuals.

Myth #34: You should finish your site before starting to worry about SEO

SEO can be thought of as a form of marketing, and most marketing efforts are made after a site is completed, but there are steps that you should take before. For example, you should make sure you have a good layout, good navigation, META tags, titles, and so on. All of these are part of SEO and should be done while you are building the site. Also remember that search engines can find your site as soon as it is live, so you want your SEO to be ready whenever Google first crawls it.

Myth #35: Buying links, likes or tweets will help your site rank better

There are a lot of sites selling Facebook likes, followers, and so on. Often, those services seem quite cheap, such as 10,000 likes for $10. However, in most cases these are not worth the money. First, they are usually fake accounts, bots that simply mass follow for a price. They are not real people, which means no one will see those social signals, and as a result they will not increase your ranking. Worse, many sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Google forbid these types of acts, and if you get discovered, you could be delisted.

Myth #36: Paid links always come from shady sites

In the case of bulk services, it is true that a lot of those paid links will come from shady sources, including bots or proxies. However, many reputable sites sell links as well, in the form of advertising or even preferential treatment. In those cases, you may have very legitimate links on high authority sites, and those can help your site rank better on search engines.

Myth #37: Google won't find bad or spammy links

Some of the people who buy bulk links or who use automated methods to spam blog posts think that Google will not find them, and that they will gain from their unethical practices. In many cases, that may actually be true, since Google and other search engines are not part of the secret police. But while individual bad links may not be discovered, the bigger risk is that the sites on which your links have been placed will be found and removed from the index, or that the actual algorithm will be modified to make those backlinks irrelevant. When that happens you may find a drastic change in your ranking.

Myth #38: You should not place too many outbound links

Some people think that they should only link to a small number of outbound sites. There is only one case where linking to other sites can hurt you, and that is if you become part of a backlinks network for the sole purpose of raising your ranking. In that case, when one site is discovered, all of them may be hit. But in any other case, Google and other search engines do not care at all how many outbound link you have, and there is no limit to how often you can link to other sites.

Myth #39: With good SEO you do not need PPC marketing

Some sites will spend a lot of time doing SEO and get great organic results, but even then PPC campaigns can be useful. Surveys should that it often is not the same people who click on ads versus those who click on organic links, so it can be worthwhile to do both, if you have the money for it. Also, PPC links are guaranteed to cost you only when someone clicks, and do not suffer from changes in algorithms like the Panda update.

Myth #40: You can manipulate search rankings

This is a myth many marketing sites attempt to promote, the fact that they can somehow manipulate search rankings in a way that is outside traditional SEO. The whole point of SEO is to try and rank your site better. If there was another method that actually worked, then by definition it would be part of SEO. The truth is that there is no magical way to manipulate search rankings, and usually when someone says that they can, what they mean is that they will use unethical ways to speed up your ranking. But using spam and other spammy strategies mean your site is put at risk. You may have a boost now but pay for it later on.



Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/7498069

Digital Marketing

  There is no way to avoid the fact that almost all companies, sooner or later, must include in their digital marketing activities. And with...